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Drugs used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias
Introduction
Introduction
Used to prevent or slow progression of atherosclerosis to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease and prolong life
Cholesterol
Advantages
Serves as a component of cell membranes and intracellular organelle membranes
Is involved in the synthesis of certain hormones including estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, adrenal corticosteroids
Needed for the synthesis of bile salts which are needed for digestion and absorption of fats.
Cholesterol
Advantages
Is deposited in the stratum corneum of the skin to help ↓ evaporation of water and create impermeability to water soluble compounds (helps keep moisture in skin)
Origin
Is synthesized in the liver. Acetyl CoA is converted to mevalonic acid and ultimately to cholesterol by hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.
Cholesterol
Origin
Endogenous synthesis of cholesterol increases at night
An increase in dietary cholesterol produces only a small ↑ in blood levels of cholesterol because ingestion inhibits endogenous synthesis
Dietary saturated fats ↑ blood cholesterol levels because they are converted to cholesterol in the body.
Lipoproteins
Serve as carriers for transporting lipids (cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood.
Apolipoproteins
Embedded in the lipoprotein shell
Three functions
1. Serve as recognition sites for cell-surface receptors; allowing cells to bind and ingest the lipoprotein.
2. Activate enzymes that will metabolize the lipoprotein
3. ↑ structural stability of the lipoprotein